Kutmaster Beat - Studio Guide

Glossary of Terms

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Milliseconds per Beat Conversion General Formula: ms per quarter note=60,000 / temp in BPM
Specific Examples: (T=triplet)
BPM	1/4	1/8	1/16	1/8T	1/16T
50	1200	600	300	400	200
55	1091	545.5	272.2	363.6	181.8
60	1000	500	250	363.6	166.7
65	923	461.5	230.8	307.7	153.8
70	857	428.6	214.3	285.7	142.9
75	800	400	200	266.7	133.3
80	750	375	187.5	250	125
85	706	352.9	176.5	235.3	117.6
90	667	333.3	166.7	222.2	111.1
95	632	315.8	157.9	210.5	105.3
100	600	300	150	200	100
105	571.4	285.7	142.9	190.5	95.2
110	545.5	272.7	136.4	181.8	90.9
115	521.7	260.9	130.4	173.9	87
120	500	250	125	166.7	83.3
125	480	240	120	160	80
130	461.5	230.8	115.4	153.8	76.9
135	444.4	222.2	111.1	148.1	74.1
140	428.6	214.3	107.1	142.9	71.4
145	413.8	206.9	103.4	137.9	69
150	400	200	100	133.3	66.7
155	387.1	193.5	96.8	129	64.5
160	375	187.5	93.8	125	62.5
165	363.6	181.8	90.9	121.2	60.6
170	352.9	176.5	88.2	117.6	58.8
175	342.9	171.4	85.7	114.3	57.1
180	333.3	166.7	83.3	111.1	55.6
185	324.3	162.2	81.1	108.1	54.1
190	315.8	157.9	78.9	105.3	52.6
195	307.7	153.8	76.9	102.6	51.3
200	300	150	75	100	50
205	292.7	146.3	73.2	97.6	48.8
210	285.7	142.9	71.4	95.2	47.6
215	279.1	139.5	69.8	93	46.5
220	272.7	136.4	68.2	90.9	45.5
225	266.7	133.3	66.7	88.9	44.4
230	260.9	130.4	65.2	87	43.5
235	255.3	127.7	63.8	85.1	42.6
240	250	125	62.5	83.3	41.7
245	244.9	122.4	61.2	81.6	40.8

Samples per One Bar Loop Conversion General Formula: sample words per bar (4/4 time)=sampling rate in Hz x 240 BPM
Specific Examples:
BPM	22.05 kHz	32 kHz	44.1 kHz	48 kHz
80	66,150	96,000	132,300	144,000
85	62,259	90,353	124,518	135,529
90	58,800	85,312	117,600	128,000
95	55,705	80,842	111,410	121,263
100	52,920	76,800	105,840	115,200
105	50,400	73,143	100,800	109,714
110	48,109	69,818	96,218	104,727
115	46,017	66,783	92,035	100,174
120	44,100	64,000	88,200	96,000
125	42,336	61,440	84,672	92,160
130	40,708	59,077	81,415	88,615
135	39,200	56,889	78,400	85,333
140	37,800	54,857	75,600	82,286
145	36,497	52,966	72,993	79,448
150	35,280	51,200	70,560	76,800
155	34,142	49,548	68,284	74,323
160	33,075	48,000	66,150	72,000

MIDI Number vs. Note
0	C-1
7	G-1
12	C0
19	G0
21	A0 (bottom note - 88-key keyboard)
24	C1
31	G1
36	C2 (bottom note - 5-octave keyboard)
43	G2
48	C3
55	G3
60	C4 (Middle C)
67	G4
72	C5
79	G5
84	C6
91	G6
96	C7 (top note - 5-octave keyboard)
103	G7
108	C8 (top note - 88-key keyboard)
115	G8
120	C9
127	G9

dB/Voltage Gain Conversions
General Formula: dB=20 x log(Gain)

Specific Examples:

100 dB = 100,000 X

80 dB = 10,000 X

60 dB = 1,000 X

40 dB = 100 X

20 dB = 10 X

10 dB = 3.162 X

6 dB = 1.995 X

3 dB = 1.413 X

Common MIDI Controller Numbers Numbers in parenthesis indicate the controller's range of possible values.
1	Modulation Wheel (0-127)
2	Breath Controller (0-127)
4	Foot Controller (0-127)
5	Portamento Time (0-127)
6	Data Slider (0-127)
7	Main Volume (0-127)
8	Balance (0-127)
10	Pan (0-127)
11	Expression (0-127)
16	General Purpose #1 (0-127)
17	General Purpose #2 (0-127)
18	General Purpose #3 (0-127)
19	General Purpose #4 (0-127)
32-63	Least Significant Bytes (LSB), Controllers 0-31 (0-127)
64	Sustain Pedal (0 or 127)
65	Portamento On/Off (0 or 127)
66	Sustenuto Pedal (0 or 127)
67	Soft Pedal (0 or 127)
69	Hold 2 (0 or 127)
80	General Purpose #5 (0-127)
81	General Purpose #6 (0-127)
82	General Purpose #7 (0-127)
83	General Purpose #8 (0-127)
92	Tremolo Depth (0-127)
93	Chorus Depth (0-127)
94	Celeste (Detune) Depth (0-127)
95	Phase Depth (0-127)
96	Data Increment (0 or 127)
97	Data Decrement (0 or 127)
98	Non-Registered Parameter Most Significant Byte (MSB) (0-127)
99	Non-Registered Parameter LSB (0-127)
100	Registered Parameter MSB (0-127)
101	Registered Parameter LSB (0-127)
121	Reset all Controllers (0)
122	Local Control On/Off (0 or 127)
123	All Notes Off (0)
124	Omni Off (0)
125	Omni On (0)
126	Mono On (0-16, 0=Omni Off)
127	Poly On (0)

Wavelength/Frequency Conversion
wavelength in feet=1,130 (speed of sound in air at sea level) / frequency in Hz

%Speed Change vs. Change in Audio Pitch
%	Cents
+10	+165
+09	+149
+08	+133
+07	+117
+06	+100
+05	+084
+04	+068
+03	+051
+02	+034
+01	+017
+00	+00
-01	-017
-02	-035
-03	-053
-04	-071
-05	-089
-06	-107
-07	-126
-08	-144
-09	-163
-10	-182

Sample Rate (in Hz) vs. Disk Storage per Track Minute (in MB)
16-bit sample
32,000	3.66
44,100	5.05
48,000	5.49
96,000	10.98
20-bit sample
32,000	4.58
44,100	6.31
48,000	6.87
96,000	13.73
24-bit sample
32,000	5.49
44,100	7.57
48,000	8.24
96,000	16.48

EQ Settings in Real Terms
Musicians often summarize an instrument's character with various terms, both positive and negative, depending on whether the sound is too much or just right. Following is a subjective interpretation of which frequencies correspond to these terms.
Range	Positive Correlation	Negative Correlation
20Hz - 200Hz	Bottom, depth	Boomy
200Hz - 500Hz	Warmth, dark	Muddy
500Hz - 1.5kHz	Definition	Honk or nasal
1.5kHz - 4kHz	Articulation, snap, presence	Strident
4kHz - 10kHz	Bright, higher range of presence	Screechy, thin
10kHz - 20kHz	Sheen, transaparency	Thin
For example, to increase warmth, apply a gentle boost (3dB or so) in the 200-500Hz range. On the other hand, if you consider a sound muddy, try cutting the response in the same region.